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Severe sepsis is cognate with life threatening multi-organ dysfunction. There is a disturbance in endocrine functions with alterations in several hormonal pathways. It has frequently been linked with dysfunction in the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroRNA and Heart Failure: A Novel Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool.
J Clin Med
December 2024
Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Department, 'S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital', University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Heart failure (HF) has a multifaceted and complex pathophysiology. Beyond neurohormonal, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and adrenergic hyperactivation, a role for other pathophysiological determinants is emerging. Genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in this syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiorenal Syndrome in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights into Pathophysiology and Recent Advances.
Cardiorenal Med
January 2025
University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
Background: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) refers to the bidirectional interactions between the acutely or chronically dysfunctioning heart and kidney that lead to poor outcomes. Due to the evolving literature on renal impairment and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), this review aimed to highlight the pathophysiological pathways, diagnosis using imaging and biomarkers, and management of CRS in patients with HFpEF.
Summary: The mechanism of CRS in HFpEF can be hypothesized due to the interplay of elevated central venous pressure, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and chronotropic incompetence.
Emotional Stress in Cardiac and Vascular Diseases.
Curr Vasc Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Cardiology, Ippokrateio University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Introduction/objective: Emotional, mental, or psychological distress, defined as increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and/or stress, is common in patients with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD).
Methods: Literature was reviewed regarding data from studies and meta-analyses examining the impact of emotional stress on the occurrence and outcome of several CVDs (coronary disease, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, stroke). These influences' pathophysiology and clinical spectrum are detailed, tabulated, and pictorially illustrated.
The Captopril Challenge Test Predicts Cardiac Structure and Dysfunction in Primary Aldosteronism.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Context: The captopril challenge test (CCT) is a commonly used confirmation test that identifies the magnitude of renin- and angiotensin II-independent aldosterone production, and thus the presence and severity of primary aldosteronism (PA).
Objective: This study investigated the association between the post-CCT plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and cardiovascular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction.
Methods: A total of 540 PA patients with complete CCT and echocardiographic data were retrospectively analyzed.
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