Stress response and tolerance mechanisms of spirobudiclofen exposure based on multiomics in (Acari: Tetranychidae).

The toxicity of insecticides used in the field decreases gradually to sublethal concentrations over time. Therefore, it is necessary to study sublethal effects of pesticides for controlling population explosion. is a global pest which control is based on insecticides. This study explores the stress responses of spirobudiclofen on the . Spirobudiclofen significantly inhibited survival and reproduction of , and the effects aggravated as concentration increased. The transcriptomes and metabolomes of spirobudiclofen-treated and control were compared to characterize spirobudiclofen molecular mechanism. Transcriptomics indicated stress induced by spirobudiclofen stimulated immune defense, antioxidative system, cuticle formation, and lipid metabolism, as deduced from RNA-seq analysis. Meanwhile, our study found that tolerance metabolism in was regulated by promoting the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, glycine, serine, and threonine. The results of this study can provide a basis for exploring the adaptation strategies of to spirobudiclofen stress.