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Introduction: Intensive research is dedicated to the development of novel biomaterials and medical devices to be used as grafts in reconstructive surgery, with the purpose of enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and durability. A variety of biomaterials, from autologous bone to polymethylmetacrylate, polyether ether ketone, titanium, and calcium-based ceramics are used in cranioplasty. Porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) is reported as a possible material for bone reconstruction, with good signs of biocompatibility, osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties.

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: Resection of tumors invading the cavernous sinus (CS) carries a risk of injury to the cranial nerves and internal carotid artery. Therefore, radical surgery involving lesions around the CS remains challenging, especially for lesions invading the CS, optic sheath, and oculomotor cave. Here, we describe a surgical strategy for meningiomas invading these structures and report on the clinical outcomes.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used as a bone graft. However, information on the head-to-head osteoinductivity and in vivo performance of micro- and nanosized natural and synthetic HA is still lacking. Here, we fabricated nanosized bovine HA (nanoBHA) by using a wet ball milling method and compared its in vitro and in vivo performance with microsized BHA, nanosized synthetic HA (nanoHA), and microsized synthetic HA (HA).

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Computational simulation of cranial soft tissue expansion on the cranium during early postnatal growth in humans.

J Anat

January 2025

Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS) and Human Anatomy Resource Centre (HARC), Education Directorate, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

The importance of interactions between neighbouring rapidly growing tissues of the head during development is recognised, yet this competition for space remains incompletely understood. The developing structures likely interact through a variety of mechanisms, including directly genetically programmed growth, and are mediated via physiological signalling that can be triggered by structural interactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate a different but related potential mechanism, that of simple mechanical plastic deformation of neighbouring structures of the head in response to soft tissue expansion during human postnatal ontogeny.

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A review of ectochondral bone and the role of membranes in shaping endochondral bones of the skull.

Anat Rec (Hoboken)

January 2025

Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA.

Bones of the skull are traditionally categorized as derived from either endochondral or intramembranous bone. In our previous work, we have observed the interaction of different tissue types in growth of the skull. We find the dichotomy of intramembranous and endochondral bone to be too restrictive, limiting our interpretation of sources of biological variation.

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