Transient protonic capacitor: Explaining the bacteriorhodopsin membrane experiment of Heberle et al. 1994.

The transmembrane-electrostatically localized protons (TELP) theory can serve as a unified framework to explain experimental observations and elucidate bioenergetic systems including both delocalized and localized protonic coupling. With the TELP model as a unified framework, it is now better explained how the bacteriorhodopsin-purple membrane-ATPase system functions. The bacteriorhodopsin pumping of protons across the membrane results in the formation of TELP around the halobacterial extracellular membrane surface that is perfectly positioned to drive ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. The bacteriorhodopsin purple membrane sheet experiment of Heberle et al. 1994 is now better explained here as a transient "protonic capacitor". During the lifetime of a flashlight-induced protonic bacteriorhodopsin purple membrane capacitor activity, there is at least a transient non-zero membrane potential (Δψ ≠ 0). The experimental results demonstrated that "after proton release by an integral membrane protein, long-range proton transfer along the membrane surface is faster than proton exchange with the bulk water phase" exactly as predicted by the TELP theory, which is fundamentally important to the science of bioenergetics.