AI Article Synopsis
- The BORG/Cdc42EP family consists of five proteins that bind to Rho GTPases and are increasingly relevant in understanding cell organization and function.
- Recent studies suggest that BORGs play a role in essential body processes and are linked to diseases, particularly cancers, by affecting the cytoskeleton.
- The relationship between the BORGs and Rho GTPase Cdc42 is complex, varying by cell type and condition, highlighting the need for further research to clarify their mechanisms and implications.
Article Abstract
The binder of rho GTPases (BORG)/Cdc42 effector proteins (Cdc42EP) family is composed of five Rho GTPase binding proteins whose functions and mechanism of actions are of emerging interest. Here, we review recent findings pertaining to the family as a whole and consider how these change our understanding of cellular organization. Recent studies have implicated BORGs in both fundamental physiology and in human diseases, mainly cancers. An emerging pattern suggests that BORG family members cancer-promoting properties are related to their ability to regulate the cytoskeleton, with many impacting the organization of acto-myosin stress fibers. This is consistent with the broader literature indicating that BORG family members are regulators of both the septin and actin cytoskeleton networks. The exact mechanism through which BORGs modify the cytoskeleton is not clear, but we consider here a few data-supported and speculative possibilities. Finally, we delve into how the Rho GTPase Cdc42 modifies BORG function in cells. This remains open-ended as Cdc42's effects on BORGs appear cell type- and cell state-dependent. Collectively, these data point to the importance of the BORG family and suggest broader themes in their function and regulation.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.21768 | DOI Listing |
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