Open surgical techniques for the management of complex juxtarenal aortic occlusions.

The surgical management of aortic occlusive disease can be significantly complicated by the extension of disease, or occlusion, to the level of the renal arteries. The juxtarenal occlusion necessitates careful consideration of operative exposure, technique, and the method and extent of reconstruction. While endovascular techniques have revolutionized the management of occlusive disease of the distal aorta and iliacs, both the presence of bulky, eccentric or exophytic calcification and thrombus at the level of the renal arteries increase the technical difficulty and risk of perforation, stent compromise, or embolization. Disease extending to the visceral segment often necessitates the application of lessons learned in an earlier era and techniques less familiar to the modern surgeon. We will focus on direct, rather than extraanatomic surgical reconstruction.