Orbital friction stir welding (FSW) has been applied to clad pipes, which is certainly of interest to the oil and gas industry. In this context, an FSW system capable of performing sound joints in one pass with full tool penetration was developed. Orbital FSW was executed in 6 mm thick API X65 PSL2 steel clad pipes with 3 mm thick Inconel 625 using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tool. The metallurgical and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. Sound joints with axial forces of 45-50 kN, tool rotational speeds of 400-500 rpm, and a welding speed of 2 mm/s were obtained, illustrating that the developed system can perform FSW joints without volumetric defects.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37913-4 | DOI Listing |
Sci Rep
July 2023
Institute for Production Technology and Systems, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
Sci Rep
July 2023
Institute for Production Technology and Systems, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
Orbital friction stir welding (FSW) has been applied to clad pipes, which is certainly of interest to the oil and gas industry. In this context, an FSW system capable of performing sound joints in one pass with full tool penetration was developed. Orbital FSW was executed in 6 mm thick API X65 PSL2 steel clad pipes with 3 mm thick Inconel 625 using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tool.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
April 2021
Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address:
Waterborne pathogens have been found in biofilms grown in drinking water distribution system (DWDS). However, there is a lack of quantitative study on the culturability of pathogens in biofilms from metropolitan DWDS. In this study, we quantified culturable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae in biofilms collected from five kinds of pipes (galvanized steel pipe, steel pipe, stainless steel clad pipe, ductile cast iron pipe and polyethylene pipe) and associated drinking water at an actual chlorinated DWDS in use from China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
September 2016
The complex refractive indices of Pt and Au pipes that are subwavelength in diameter have been found to be different from those of metal thin films for the first time. The metal pipe is made from a spider silk of half-wavelength diameter clad with Pt or Au and illuminated by a plane-polarized laser of wavelength 660 nm at normal incidence. The angular distribution of the light intensity scattered by the pipe is measured and fitted using theoretical calculations based on the corresponding model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Microbiol Biotechnol
December 2015
Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) could cause several types of problems, such as the deterioration of water quality, corrosion of pipe walls, and potential proliferation of opportunistic pathogens. In this study, ten biofilm samples from different pipe materials, including ductile cast iron pipe (DCIP), gray cast iron pipe (GCIP), galvanized steel pipe (GSP), stainless steel clad pipe (SSCP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), were collected from an actual DWDS to investigate the effect of pipe material on bacterial community. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and culture-based method were used to quantify bacteria.
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