percutaneous penetration test overview.

Front Pharmacol

UCSF Dermatology, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Published: June 2023

Skin is a detailed, organized, and intricate niche in the human body. Topical and transdermal drugs are unique, in that their absorption is quite different from other routes of administration (oral, intramuscular, intravenous, etc.,.). A robust amount of research is required to approve the use of a drug-, , and studies collectively help manufacturers and government agencies with approval of various compounds. Use of human and animal studies poses ethical and financial concerns, making samples difficult to use. and methods have improved over the past several decades-results show relevance when compared to methods. The history of testing is discussed, followed by a detailed account of known complexities of skin and the current state of percutaneous penetration.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300277PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1102433DOI Listing

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