AI Article Synopsis

  • Mitochondria are essential for immune responses, and their function can be affected by viruses, which may influence the outcomes of COVID-19 and long COVID in patients.
  • Patients with existing mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disorders could be at a greater risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19 due to MRC dysfunction.
  • A combination of diagnostic approaches, including metabolic profiling and measuring specific biomarkers like lactate and FGF-21, can help identify mitochondrial dysfunction in patients affected by COVID-19.

Article Abstract

Mitochondria play crucial roles in modulating immune responses, and viruses can in turn moderate mitochondrial functioning. Therefore, it is not judicious to assume that clinical outcome experienced in patients with COVID-19 or long COVID may be influenced by mitochondrial dysfunction in this infection. Also, patients who are predisposed to mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) disorders may be more susceptible to worsened clinical outcome associated with COVID-19 infection and long COVID. MRC disorders and dysfunction require a multidisciplinary approach for their diagnosis of which blood and urinary metabolite analysis may be utilized, including the measurement of lactate, organic acid and amino acid levels. More recently, hormone-like cytokines including fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) have also been used to assess possible evidence of MRC dysfunction. In view of their association with MRC dysfunction, assessing evidence of oxidative stress parameters including GSH and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) status may also provide useful biomarkers for diagnosis of MRC dysfunction. To date, the most reliable biomarker available for assessing MRC dysfunction is the spectrophotometric determination of MRC enzyme activities in skeletal muscle or tissue from the disease-presenting organ. Moreover, the combined use of these biomarkers in a multiplexed targeted metabolic profiling strategy may further improve the diagnostic yield of the individual tests for assessing evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in patients pre- and post-COVID-19 infection.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_11DOI Listing

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