Drug solubility limits intravenous dosing for poorly water-soluble medicines, which misrepresents their bioavailability estimation. The current study explored a method using a stable isotope tracer to assess the bioavailability of drugs that are poorly water-soluble. HGR4113 and its deuterated analog, HGR4113-d7, were tested as model drugs. To determine the level of HGR4113 and HGR4113-d7 in rat plasma, a bioanalytical method using LC-MS/MS was developed. The HGR4113-d7 was intravenously administered to rats that were orally pre-administered HGR4113 at different doses; subsequently, the plasma samples were collected. HGR4113 and HGR4113-d7 were simultaneously determined in the plasma samples, and bioavailability was calculated using plasma drug concentration values. The bioavailability of HGR4113 was 53.3% ± 19.5%, 56.9% ± 14.0%, and 67.8% ± 16.7% after oral dosages of 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, respectively. By eliminating the differences in clearance between intravenous and oral dosages at different levels, acquired data showed that the current method reduced measurement errors in bioavailability when compared to the conventional approach. The present study suggests a prominent method for evaluating the bioavailability of drugs with poor aqueous solubility in preclinical studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061684 | DOI Listing |
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials that are of topical interest for their utility in water-related applications. Nevertheless, molecular-level insight into water-MOF interactions and MOF hydrolytic reactivity remains understudied. Herein, we report two hydrolytic pathways leading to either structural stability or framework decomposition of a MOF (ZnMOF-1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Lett
January 2025
Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Modern African ungulates navigate seasonal variation in resource availability through diet-switching (primarily mixed-feeders) and/or migrating (primarily grass grazers). These ecological generalisations are well-documented today, but the extent to which they apply to the non-analog ecosystems of the Pleistocene are unclear. Drawing from serially-sampled stable isotope measurements from 18 Kenyan large herbivore species from the Last Glacial Period (LGP), we evaluate how diet, diet-switching, and migration compare to observations from present-day settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr
December 2024
Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
Background: Reduced meal frequency patterns have become popular for weight loss, maintenance, and improving cardiometabolic health. The extended fasting windows with these dietary patterns could lead to greater protein breakdown, which is a concern for middle-age and older adults who may need higher protein intakes to maintain or increase net protein balance.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify muscle and whole-body protein kinetic responses to three different daily protein intakes within a two-meal eating pattern.
Archaeol Anthropol Sci
December 2024
Institut Català d'Arqueologia Clàssica (ICAC-CERCA), Tarragona, ES Spain.
Unlabelled: During the Iron Age, north-eastern Iberian communities relied on crop cultivation and animal husbandry for their subsistence. The latter was mainly focused on caprine, with sheep being prominent due to their suitability to the Mediterranean climate, orography, and environment. Despite the pivotal role of sheep in livestock husbandry, information on Iberian communities' feeding strategies for this species is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
December 2024
Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address:
This study aims to assess the effects of oven heating on the isotopic ratios of eight formulated wheat-processed products with different gluten-to-starch ratios. Two heating treatments were applied: limited heating in an oven with exposure to 100 °C for a specific time (cooking time-dependent) and extended heating in an oven with exposure to 100 °C, 180 °C and 260 °C for 6 min. Results showed limited heating exposure did not alter the δH and δO in the wheat-processed products.
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