Fungal infections remain a significant concern for human health. The emergence of microbial resistance, the improper use of antimicrobial drugs, and the need for fewer toxic antifungal treatments in immunocompromised patients have sparked substantial interest in antifungal research. Cyclic peptides, classified as antifungal peptides, have been in development as potential antifungal agents since 1948. In recent years, there has been growing attention from the scientific community to explore cyclic peptides as a promising strategy for combating antifungal infections caused by pathogenic fungi. The identification of antifungal cyclic peptides from various sources has been possible due to the widespread interest in peptide research in recent decades. It is increasingly important to evaluate narrow- to broad-spectrum antifungal activity and the mode of action of synthetic and natural cyclic peptides for both synthesized and extracted peptides. This short review aims to highlight some of the antifungal cyclic peptides isolated from bacteria, fungi, and plants. This brief review is not intended to present an exhaustive catalog of all known antifungal cyclic peptides but rather seeks to showcase selected cyclic peptides with antifungal properties that have been isolated from bacteria, fungi, plants, and synthetic sources. The addition of commercially available cyclic antifungal peptides serves to corroborate the notion that cyclic peptides can serve as a valuable source for the development of antifungal drugs. Additionally, this review discusses the potential future of utilizing combinations of antifungal peptides from different sources. The review underscores the need for the further exploration of the novel antifungal therapeutic applications of these abundant and diverse cyclic peptides.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16060892 | DOI Listing |
Background: Genetic studies have established that loss of function SORL1 gene variants are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). SORL1 encodes an endosomal trafficking receptor, SORLA, which regulates endosomal protein recycling through its interaction with the retromer core complex (consisting of VPS26, VPS35 and VPS29). Deficits in the levels and function of the SORLA-retromer complex are thought to underlie AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Protein misfolding is a key pathological phenomenon driving neurodegenerative diseases that affect millions of people. Visualizing this misfolding process with smart imaging probes would greatly facilitate early diagnosis, etiology elucidation, disease progression monitoring, and drug discovery of neurodegeneration. Although numerous probes have been reported, several unmet needs still exist.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
The cyclic structure of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) is critical for enhancing their stability and bioactivity, which highlights the importance of exploring NRP cyclization enzymes for natural product discovery. Thioesterases (TEs) are crucial enzymes that catalyze the formation of various lactams, including macrolactams, β-lactams, and γ-lactams; however, their potential to produce other lactam types remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identified spinactin A () and novel derivatives, spinactin B-E (-), from NRRL 18395 and characterized the biosynthetic enzymes involved, particularly a unique TE SncF, responsible for δ-lactam formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNPJ Biofilms Microbiomes
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Chronic infections represent a significant global health and economic challenge. Biofilms, which are bacterial communities encased in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix, contribute to approximately 80% of these infections. In particular, pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are frequently co-isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis and are commonly found in chronic wound infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China. Electronic address:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a male sexual disorder mainly caused by a reduction in the cellular concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which is degraded by phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5). Oyster protein (OP) and its hydrolysates have been used for centuries to address male erectile dysfunction, however the mechanisms and evidence supporting their efficacy remain unclear. In this study, OP was hydrolyzed using trypsin to produce peptides that inhibit PDE-5.
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