Entropy density behavior poses many problems when we study non-equilibrium situations. In particular, the local equilibrium hypothesis (LEH) has played a very important role and is taken for granted in non-equilibrium problems, no matter how extreme they are. In this paper we would like to calculate the Boltzmann entropy balance equation for a plane shock wave and show its performance for Grad's 13-moment approximation and the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations. In fact, we calculate the correction for the LEH in Grad's case and discuss its properties.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25060906 | DOI Listing |
Materials (Basel)
January 2025
Research Institute for Special Steel Research, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100081, China.
High-energy structural materials (ESMs) integrate a high energy density with rapid energy release, offering promising applications in advanced technologies. In this study, a novel dual-phase TiZrWMo high-entropy alloy (HEA) was synthesized and evaluated as a potential ESM. The alloy exhibited a body-centered cubic (BCC) matrix with Mo-W-rich BCC precipitates of varying sizes, which increased proportionally with the W content.
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January 2025
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi 316-8511, Ibaraki, Japan.
The sintered diffusion multiple (SDM) method, which has been developed in our research group, has been applied to determine the entire composition range of the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy stereoscopically and continuously over nearly the entire range. The samples were prepared by sintering mixed elemental powders and were annealed at 970 °C or 800 °C. Several hundreds of thousands of points were analyzed at random within the samples for chemical compositions using electron probe microanalysis.
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January 2025
Institute of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity (I:SEE), State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.
ConspectusLithium-ion batteries are recognized as an important electrochemical energy storage technology due to their superior volumetric and gravimetric energy densities. Graphite is widely used as the negative electrode, and its adoption enabled much of the modern portable electronics technology landscape. However, developing markets, such as electric vehicles and grid-scale storage, have increased demands, including higher energy content and a diverse materials supply chain.
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January 2025
Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Temixco 62580, Mexico.
This paper explores how competing interactions in the intermolecular potential of fluids affect their structural transitions. This study employs a versatile potential model with a hard core followed by two constant steps, representing wells or shoulders, analyzed in both one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) systems. Comparing these dimensionalities highlights the effect of confinement on structural transitions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, CZ-166 27 Prague, Czech Republic.
We deal with two-dimensional copulas from the perspective of their differential entropy. We formulate a problem of finding a copula with maximum differential entropy when some copula values are given. As expected, the solution is a copula with a piecewise constant density (a checkerboard copula).
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