Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are known to provide livelihoods for forest-based communities across the world. While ensuring the sustainability of NTFP harvests is a key challenge, optimizing the production of NTFPs through appropriate silvicultural practices is also critical for forest-based economies. In Central India, the suitability of fire or pruning practices for enhancing the production of leaves of the tendu tree () has been much debated. While villagers commonly adopt annual litter fires, the state Forest Department urges leaf collectors to adopt the more labor-intensive practice of pruning. On the other hand, conservationists recommend completely hands-off management (no fire or pruning). In this study, we compared leaf production from the competing practices of litter fire, pruning, pruning-with-fire, and hands-off management, that are experimented with in community-managed forests. We checked for confounding factors such as tree canopy cover, presence of tendu trees, and inherent differences in forest type. We conducted the study during the pre-harvest season from March to May 2020 in villages in the northern Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra, India. We found that pruning and pruning-with-fire lead to higher root sprout production and, in turn, higher leaf production per unit area when compared to litter fire and the control (no pruning or fire). Fire alone led to a negative impact on leaf production. Implementing pruning instead of litter fire, however, comes with labor costs. Its adoption is therefore linked with the institutional arrangements for tendu management and marketing that shape community perception of costs. गौण वन उत्पादने जगभरातील वन-आधारित समुदायांसाठी उपजीविका म्हणून महत्त्वाची आहेत. त्यांच्या शाश्वत उपलब्धतेसाठी तसेच त्यांच्यावर अवलंबून आजीविकांच्या दृष्टीने वन उपजाच्या नियोजन पद्धतींचा वनवृक्षशास्त्राच्या दृष्टीने अभ्यास होणे गरजेचे आहे. मध्य भारतातील वन-आधारित समुदाय अनेक वर्ष तेंदू वृक्षाच्या पानांना (म्हणजे बिडी-पत्त्याला) निरनिराळ्या पद्धतीने संकलित करीत आहेत व त्याकरिता निरनिराळ्या पद्धतीने नियोजन करीत आहेत. झाडाची झुडपी वाढ करून, पाने हाता जवळ वाढवणे हा त्यातील मुख्य उद्देश आहे. यामध्ये झाडाच्या रोपांची मुळाशी छाटणी करणे (खुट/बेल कटाई) किंवा, जंगलातील पाचोळा पेटवणे, किंवा या दोन्ही पद्धती एकत्रित वापरणे ('छाटणी-व-आग') अशा पद्धतींचा समावेश आहे. अलीकडे काही लोक तेंदू संवर्धनासाठी झाडाची विना-नियोजन वाढ होऊ देतात (म्हणजे विना आग आणि विना खुट कटाईने). यातील कोणत्या पद्धतीने प्रती हेक्टरी सर्वात जास्त तेंदू पाने तयार होतात याचा अभ्यास आम्ही केला. यासाठी आम्ही उत्तर गडचिरोली, महाराष्ट्र येथील काही गावांच्या सामुहिक वन क्षेत्रात मार्च ते मे २०२० मध्ये वेगवेगळ्या नियोजन पद्धतीमध्ये होणाऱ्या तेंदूपत्ता उत्पन्नाचा पद्धतशीर अभ्यास केला. एकूण आम्हाला असे दिसले की, आग वापरण्यापेक्षा तेंदूच्या रोपांची मुळाशी केलेली छाटणी व 'छाटणी-व-आग' या पद्धती अधिक पानांचे उत्पन्न देतात. आम्ही पाहिले की स्थानिक जंगल प्रकार, त्याची दाटी, व तेंदू वृक्षाची निकटता या निकषांमुळे पानांच्या उत्पन्नात नियोजन पद्धतीपेक्षा जास्त परिणाम होत नाही. परंतु यातील कोणतीही पद्धत वापरताना व वन-आधारित उपजीविका सांभाळत, तसेच सामुहिक वन नियोजन करताना काही व्यावहारिक अडचणी आहेत. त्यांचावरही आम्ही या अभ्यासात विचार केला आहे.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12231-023-09572-z | DOI Listing |
J Hazard Mater
January 2025
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address:
Formaldehyde (FA) is a hazardous pollutant causing acute and chronic poisoning in humans. While plants provide a natural method of removing FA pollution, their ability to absorb and degrade FA is limited. To improve the ability of plants to degrade FA, we introduced the E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Phytoremediation
January 2025
Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Co-cropping of hyperaccumulators is still poorly understood, while associations between hyperaccumulators and other plant species may promote beneficial plant interactions and lead to increased metal phytoextraction from contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of the Ni-hyperaccumulator in different co-cropping combinations with and . Plants were grown in ultramafic soil in a growth chamber for 45 days and Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in roots and leaves were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Plant
January 2025
College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
The gene GAD1 encodes a glutamate decarboxylase, which is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of endogenous γ-aminobutyrate acid (GABA), but a potential role of GAD1 in regulating cadmium (Cd) tolerance needs to be further elucidated in plants. The objective of this study was to investigate Cd tolerance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and transgenic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing AsGAD1. The Cd-tolerant creeping bentgrass cultivar LOFTSL-93 accumulated more endogenous GABA in relation to a significant upregulation of AsGAD1 in leaf and root than the Cd-sensitive W66569 in response to Cd stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Plant
January 2025
College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a critical factor limiting crop productivity, primarily due to its detrimental effects on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. In this study, we investigate the role of the rice gene OsPHT2;1 in mediating chloroplast P homeostasis and its subsequent impact on photosynthetic function under low P conditions. Stomatal conductance is typically positively correlated with net photosynthetic rates; however, P deficiency disrupts this relationship, leading to reduced stomatal opening and diminished photosynthetic efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
Along with the development of miniaturization, integration, and high power of electronic chips in the 5G and artificial intelligence era and their urgent need for technologies enabled to solve high heat flux dissipation in limited space, investigating bioinspired extreme superwettability surfaces with high-efficiency condensation heat transfer (CHT) performance has attracted great interest in academic and industrial communities. Compared with filmwise condensation of flat hydrophilic surfaces featured with continuous liquid films, dropwise condensation of flat hydrophobic surfaces is a more efficient type of energy transport way. However, discrete condensate drops can only shed off the hydrophobic flat surfaces under gravity until their sizes reach the capillary length of liquid, e.
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