Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that can cause a variety of neurological symptoms, including urinary dysfunction. Here, we present the case of a 21-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with NMO after presenting with urinary retention.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102460 | DOI Listing |
Front Neurol
January 2025
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are distinct demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, each characterized by unique patterns of motor, sensory, and visual dysfunction. While MS typically affects the brain and spinal cord, NMOSD predominantly targets the optic nerves and spinal cord. This study aims to elucidate the morphometric differences between MS and NMOSD by focusing on gray matter volume changes in specific brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiol Bras
January 2025
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
The middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) is the largest afferent system of the cerebellum and consists of fibres from the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract. Specifically, several relevant diseases can present with hyperintensity in the MCP on T2-weighted/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging sequences, including multiple sclerosis; acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy; hepatic encephalopathy; osmotic demyelination syndrome; multiple system atrophy; fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome; megalencephalic leucoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts; spinocerebellar ataxias; hemi-pontine infarct with trans-axonal degeneration; and diffuse midline glioma with the histone H3K27M mutation. The aim of this pictorial review is to discuss the imaging findings that are relevant for the differential diagnosis of diseases presenting with MCP hyperintensity on T2/FLAIR sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are two rare autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases involving the central nervous system, which are often seen with combined involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord. MOGAD can be confused with multiple sclerosis or NMOSD, due to its clinical presentation that may be similar and its characteristic to progress with habitual attacks. Although the clinical course of the above-mentioned three diseases is similar, their diagnosis and management are different.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Neurodegener
January 2025
Research Center for Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in key biological processes, including tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. It has emerged as a significant player in various neurodegenerative diseases and brain disorders. Elevated CHI3L1 levels have been observed in neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), HIV-associated dementia (HAD), Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), and brain tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMult Scler
January 2025
Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Background: Spinal cord (SC) atrophy is a key imaging biomarker of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive MS is more common in men and postmenopausal women.
Objective: Investigate the impact of sex and menopause on SC measurements in persons with MS (pwMS).
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