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Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Chest: A Primer for Radiologists. | LitMetric

Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Chest: A Primer for Radiologists.

Radiographics

From the Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit (J.B.) and Department of Radiology (J.B., J.R.d.V.), Hospital San Juan de Dios, HT-RESSALTA, HT Médica, Avenida el Brillante No. 36, 14012 Córdoba, Spain; Cardiothoracic Imaging Section, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (K.S., K.M.M., C.A.R., S.B.); Cardiothoracic Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (I.V.); and MRI Section, Department of Radiology, Clínica Las Nieves, HT-SERCOSA, HT Médica, Jaén, Spain (A.L.).

Published: July 2023

AI Article Synopsis

  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) enhances MRI evaluations, particularly in neuroimaging, oncology, and increasingly in chest imaging, by improving lesion visibility and assessing treatment responses.
  • DWI operates on a micrometer scale to provide functional information, requiring careful optimization of acquisition settings like motion correction and fat saturation for accurate results.
  • Its high contrast-to-noise ratio makes DWI better at detecting and characterizing chest lesions compared to traditional PET/CT, aiding in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions.

Article Abstract

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a fundamental sequence not only in neuroimaging but also in oncologic imaging and has emerging applications for MRI evaluation of the chest. DWI can be used in clinical practice to enhance lesion conspicuity, tissue characterization, and treatment response. While the spatial resolution of DWI is in the order of millimeters, changes in diffusion can be measured on the micrometer scale. As such, DWI sequences can provide important functional information to MRI evaluation of the chest but require careful optimization of acquisition parameters, notably selection of values, application of parallel imaging, fat saturation, and motion correction techniques. Along with assessment of morphologic and other functional features, evaluation of DWI signal attenuation and apparent diffusion coefficient maps can aid in tissue characterization. DWI is a noninvasive noncontrast acquisition with an inherent quantitative nature and excellent reproducibility. The outstanding contrast-to-noise ratio provided by DWI can be used to improve detection of pulmonary, mediastinal, and pleural lesions, to identify the benign nature of complex cysts, to characterize the solid portions of cystic lesions, and to classify chest lesions as benign or malignant. DWI has several advantages over fluorine 18 (F)-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the assessment, TNM staging, and treatment monitoring of lung cancer and other thoracic neoplasms with conventional or more recently developed therapies. RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material. and

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.220138DOI Listing

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