The Day-in-the-Life method for assessing infant caregiving in rural Pakistan.

Objective: This manuscript describes the Day-in-the-Life (DIL) method for assessing child caregiving activities, its implementation, and findings regarding family members' roles and associations with maternal depression symptoms.

Background: Infant caregiving activities are most commonly performed by the mother, although there is increasing acknowledgement of others' contribution. Few methods exist to measure the diverse caregiving activities that mothers and others perform.

Method: Method development occurred within the Bachpan Cohort Study in rural Pakistan ( = 1,154 maternal-child dyads) when the child was 3 months old. The DIL was designed as a semi-structured interview in which the mother describes her child's day from their perspective. Regression analyses were then used to explore the correlation between the DIL and depression symptoms, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) measure.

Results: The DIL method was easy to administer and displayed excellent interrater agreement. The findings indicated that instrumental caregiving was mostly provided by the mother alone, others in the household tended to contribute more to infant social interactions, and there was more support from others when the mother was less able to provide care (e.g., when ill). Depression symptoms were higher among women who experienced less contribution from family members when the mother was less able to provide care.

Conclusions: The DIL can be deployed to measure infant caregiving activities and associations with maternal mental health.

Implications: This method is promising for researchers interested in disentangling the contribution of multiple family members toward child caregiving and its impacts on maternal and child health.