A robust NIfTI image authentication framework to ensure reliable and safe diagnosis.

Advancements in digital medical imaging technologies have significantly impacted the healthcare system. It enables the diagnosis of various diseases through the interpretation of medical images. In addition, telemedicine, including teleradiology, has been a crucial impact on remote medical consultation, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with the increasing reliance on digital medical images comes the risk of digital media attacks that can compromise the authenticity and ownership of these images. Therefore, it is crucial to develop reliable and secure methods to authenticate these images that are in NIfTI image format. The proposed method in this research involves meticulously integrating a watermark into the slice of the NIfTI image. The Slantlet transform allows modification during insertion, while the Hessenberg matrix decomposition is applied to the LL subband, which retains the most energy of the image. The Affine transform scrambles the watermark before embedding it in the slice. The hybrid combination of these functions has outperformed previous methods, with good trade-offs between security, imperceptibility, and robustness. The performance measures used, such as NC, PSNR, SNR, and SSIM, indicate good results, with PSNR ranging from 60 to 61 dB, image quality index, and NC all close to one. Furthermore, the simulation results have been tested against image processing threats, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in ensuring the authenticity and ownership of NIfTI images. Thus, the proposed method in this research provides a reliable and secure solution for the authentication of NIfTI images, which can have significant implications in the healthcare industry.