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Background: Ion mobility spectrometry is used for the rapid detection of drugs at points of security but are unable to differentiate some drugs leading to the instrument alarming for a drug not present in the sample. This can be particularly problematic for samples that alarm for fentanyl. In this study, fentanyl immunoassay strips were evaluated for use as a secondary test for fentanyl, including for the testing of alternative matrices, such as powders, e-liquids, and infused papers and textiles.
Methods: The limit of detection of fentanyl immunoassay strips was examined along with their selectivity to 18 fentanyl analogsand 72 other drugs and cutting agents. The effectiveness of the test strips at the detection of fentanyl in the presence of other drugs was examined by testing a series of concentrations of fentanyl in solution in combination with other drugs. The testing of alternative matrices was explored with laboratory prepared samples through sampling with cotton buds and extraction in water.
Results: The fentanyl immunoassay strips detected fentanyl at concentrations of 45 ng/mL and reacted with 16 of 18 tested fentanyl analogs with carfentanil and norfentanyl being the only analogs to not react. There was no reactivity with other drugs or cutting agents. The effectiveness of the fentanyl test strips was not reduced when fentanyl was mixed with other drugs. Fentanyl was successfully detected with high sensitivity in all alternative matrices.
Conclusion: The fentanyl immunoassay strips were found to be an effective secondary test for fentanyl and at least 16 fentanyl analogs in seized drug samples, including when mixed with other drugs. The effectiveness of the sampling methods for alternative matrices should be further evaluated using fentanyl and fentanyl analog casework samples. The use of this method by law enforcement and other agencies should be examined to assess its effectiveness and ease of use in operational settings.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104102 | DOI Listing |
STAR Protoc
December 2024
Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offers an effective, inexpensive, and reliable approach for the analysis of humoral immune responses. Here, we describe a protocol for measuring anti-fentanyl antibodies generated by the immunization of mice with novel opioid vaccine candidates. We describe steps for coating BSA-fentanyl antigen and standard wells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Addict Med
December 2024
From Camurus AB, Lund, Sweden (SP, FT); New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (EVN); and Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY (MRL, SLW).
Clin Chem Lab Med
October 2024
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Forensic Chem
September 2024
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Cureus
August 2024
Infectious Diseases, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, USA.
Xylazine, commonly referred to as "Tranq," is an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist that is FDA-approved only as a sedative and tranquilizer for veterinary use. However, its use as an adulterant in various illicit drugs, including fentanyl, has been on the rise, leading to its street name, "Tranq-Dope." Intravenous injection use of xylazine produces distinctive skin ulceration with accompanying necrosis, which can be considered virtually pathognomonic.
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