Full-view LED-based optoacoustic tomography.

Optoacoustic tomography is commonly performed with bulky and expensive short-pulsed solid-state lasers providing high per-pulse energies in the millijoule range. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) represent a cost-effective and portable alternative for optoacoustic signal excitation that can additionally provide excellent pulse-to-pulse stability. Herein, we introduce a full-view LED-based optoacoustic tomography (FLOAT) system for deep tissue in vivo imaging. It is based on a custom-made electronic unit driving a stacked array of LEDs, which attains 100 ns pulse width and highly stable (0.62 % standard deviation) total per-pulse energy of 0.48 mJ. The illumination source is integrated into a circular array of cylindrically-focused ultrasound detection elements to result in a full-view tomographic configuration, which plays a critical role in circumventing limited-view effects, enhancing the effective field-of-view and image quality for cross-sectional (2D) imaging. We characterized the FLOAT performance in terms of pulse width, power stability, excitation light distribution, signal-to-noise and penetration depth. FLOAT of the human finger revealed a comparable imaging performance to that achieved with the standard pulsed Nd:YAG laser. It is anticipated that this compact, affordable and versatile illumination technology will facilitate optoacoustic imaging developments in resource-limited settings for biological and clinical applications.