As a key component in laminated glass, plasticized polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer is a kind of impact-resistant polymer material with high toughness. Recently, by using ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) technique, Stretch-induced phase-separated structure on the scale of hundreds of nanometers formed in plasticized PVB for the first time is reported. In this work, the multiscale relaxation behavior of plasticized PVB is further investigated. The relaxation behavior of deformed plasticized PVB is studied from macroscopic stress, mesoscopic phase-separated structure, and microscopic chain segment by combining USAXS, and birefringence with in situ stretching device. The contributions of chain segments and hydrogen bonding clusters for the multiscale relaxation behavior are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202300226 | DOI Listing |
Plant Cell Environ
January 2025
The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Nitrate reduction requires reducing equivalents produced by the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Therefore, it has been suggested that nitrate assimilation provides a sink for electrons under high light conditions. We tested this hypothesis by monitoring photosynthetic efficiency and the chloroplastic glutathione redox potential (chl-E) of plant lines with mutated glutamine synthetase 2 (GS2) and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase 1 (GOGAT1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantifying cognitive potential relies on psychometric measures that do not directly reflect cortical activity. While the relationship between cognitive ability and resting state EEG signal dynamics has been extensively studied in children with below-average cognitive performances, there remains a paucity of research focusing on individuals with normal to above-average cognitive functioning. This study aimed to elucidate the resting EEG dynamics in children aged four to 12 years across normal to above-average cognitive potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
Breathing exercises are used to address a multitude of issues ranging from mental health to physical well-being. While they are recommended for various health conditions, access to professional support is often limited due to time and cost constraints. Virtual Reality technology offers a promising solution for enhancing mindfulness and relaxation practices, including breathing exercises.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
January 2025
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
To simplify the composition and improve the efficacy of metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based nanomedicine, herein, we designed an MPN platform to deliver programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody (anti-PD-L1) for combined tumor chemo/chemodynamic/immune therapy. Here, generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers conjugated with gossypol (Gos) through boronic ester bonds were used as a synthetic polyphenol to coordinate Mn, and then complexed with anti-PD-L1 to obtain the nanocomplexes (for short, DPGMA). The prepared DPGMA exhibited good water dispersibility with a hydrodynamic size of 166.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
January 2025
College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China. Electronic address:
In this study, the effect of freeze-thaw (F-T) processes on the mechanical and water absorption performance of citrate cross-linked chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel pads was evaluated. An excellent cross-linking of 4 % (w/w) citrate was indicated by enhanced peak strength in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns, which was applied to the subsequent F-T process. The results in the deswelling rate, water contact angle, and relaxation time of samples exhibited a tendency to decrease and then increase with increasing F-T cycles, reaching a minimum of 0.
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