Focusing on the ideological and worldview premises of moral reasoning, our study ( = 313) has as a starting point the well-known relationship between morality and distributive justice norms. We examined the serially mediating role of progressiveness on morality, moral absolutism, and consistency norm on the relationship between ideological/worldview perspectives and distributional criteria. Three groups of respondents were formed based on participants' ideological and worldview perceptions and then serial mediation analysis was conducted. The present findings suggest that morality is predicted by ideology and worldview and predicts attitudes toward the norms of equity and welfare chauvinism, through moral absolutism and interpretations of consistency norm, thus confirming our hypothesis. Moderate Passive Individualists emerged as the group who adopts the most progressive and inclusive attitude towards moral evaluations and practices, while Demobilized Collectivists and Neoliberals maintain a more conservative attitude towards issues that are subjected to moral framing. Our findings shed light on the crucial role of consistency norm, which has not received enough attention until now.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2023.19 | DOI Listing |
Evolution
January 2025
University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, Fayetteville AR.
Plasticity to reduce activity is a common way prey evade predators. However, by reducing activity prey often experience lower individual growth rates because they encounter their own prey less often. To overcome this cost, natural selection should not simply favor individuals generating stronger plasticity to reduce activity rates, but also selection to resume activity once the threat of predation subsides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Physiol Educ
January 2025
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow.
Students are assessed by coursework and/or exams, all of which are marked by assessors (markers). Student and marker performances are then subject to end-of-session board of examiner handling and analysis. This occurs annually and is the basis for evaluating students, but also the wider learning and teaching efficiency of an academic institution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGait Posture
December 2024
The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB. Electronic address:
Background: Electromyography (EMG) can estimate the magnitude and timing of muscle activation during walking in those with gait disorders. Despite the potential of EMG use in assessment and clinical decision-making, there are reports of declining use of EMG within gait laboratories. Technical and educational barriers to EMG usage in clinics in Italy were recently suggested.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
November 2024
Department of Scientific Computing, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
Heider's balance theory emphasizes cognitive consistency in assessing others, as expressed by the phrase "The enemy of my enemy is my friend." At the same time, the theory of indirect reciprocity provides us with a dynamical framework to study how to assess others based on their actions as well as how to act toward them based on the assessments. Well known are the "leading eight" from L1 to L8, the eight norms for assessment and action to foster cooperation in social dilemmas while resisting the invasion of mutant norms prescribing alternative actions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
December 2024
2nd Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Pisa University-Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
To investigate the relationship between COVID-19 pneumonia outcomes and three chest CT analysis approaches. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent chest CT were included and divided into survivors/non-survivors and intubated/not-intubated. Chest CTs were analyzed through a (1) Total Severity Score visually quantified by an emergency (TSS1) and a thoracic radiologist (TSS2); (2) density mask technique quantifying normal parenchyma (DM_Norm 1) and ground glass opacities (DM_GGO1) repeated after the manual delineation of consolidations (DM_Norm2, DM_GGO2, DM_Consolidation); (3) texture analysis quantifying normal parenchyma (TA_Norm) and interstitial lung disease (TA_ILD).
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