Brief resolved unexplained event: Severity-associated factors at admission in the pediatric emergency ward.

Objective: A brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) is a recent clinical entity that has now replaced the term "infant discomfort". Despite the availability of recent recommendations, identification of patients requiring further examination remains difficult.

Method: We aimed to identify factors associated with severe pathology and/or recurrence by studying the medical files of 767 patients admitted to the pediatric emergency department of a French university hospital for a BRUE.

Results: Overall, 255 files were studied; 45 patients had a recurrence and 23 patients had a severe diagnosis. The most frequently found etiology was gastroesophageal reflux in the benign diagnosis group and apnea or central hypoventilation in the severe diagnosis group. Prematurity (p = 0.032) and time since last meal >1 h (p = 0.019) were the main factors associated with severe disease. Most of the routine examination results remained non-contributive to the etiology.

Conclusion: As prematurity is a factor associated with severe diagnosis, special attention should be given to this population, without subjecting them to multiple tests, since the main complication was found to be apnea or central hypoventilation. Prospective research is needed to establish the usefulness and prioritization of diagnostic tests for infants who are at "high risk" of experiencing a BRUE.