AI Article Synopsis
- - This study explored how SARS-CoV-2 spreads within households, focusing on the role of children and their adult caregivers, particularly examining whether children mostly contracted the virus from symptomatic adults, especially mothers.
- - Conducted in Brazil from April 2020 to July 2022, the study involved 1,256 participants across 298 households, revealing that children are less likely to transmit the virus compared to adults, especially if the adult is symptomatic or unvaccinated.
- - Findings highlighted that vaccinated adults not only had a lower chance of severe illness but also reduced the risk of infecting their household members, suggesting implications for similar urban populations in Latin America.
Article Abstract
Background: It is important to understand the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in close-contact settings such as households. We hypothesized that children would most often acquire SARS-CoV-2 from a symptomatic adult caregiver.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted from April 2020 to July 2022 in a low-resource, urban settlement in Brazil. We recruited families who brought their children to a public clinic. We collected nasopharyngeal and oral swabs from household members and tracked symptoms and vaccination.
Results: In total, 1256 participants in 298 households were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 4073 RT-PCR tests were run with 893 SARS-CoV-2 positive results (21.9%). SARS-CoV-2 cases were defined as isolated cases (N = 158) or well-defined transmission events (N = 175). The risk of household transmission was lower if the index case was a child (OR: 0.3 [95% CI: 0.16-0.55], P < .001) or was vaccinated (OR: 0.29 [95% CI: 0.1-0.85], P = .024), and higher if the index was symptomatic (OR: 2.53 [95% CI: 1.51-4.26], P < .001). The secondary attack rate for child index cases to child contacts was 0.29, whereas the secondary attack rate for adult index cases to child contacts was 0.47 (P = .08).
Conclusions: In this community, children were significantly less infectious to their household contacts than adolescents or adults. Most children were infected by a symptomatic adult, usually their mother. There was a double benefit of vaccination as it protected the vaccine from severe illness and prevented onward transmission to household contacts. Our findings may also be valid for similar populations throughout Latin America.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10389060 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piad044 | DOI Listing |
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