AI Article Synopsis
- * A longitudinal study with over 1,000 young adults analyzed depressive symptoms over three years, using behavioral tasks to assess how individuals view themselves (self-schemas) and how they process information (information processing biases).
- * Results showed that sexual minorities had more negative self-views and recalled more negative self-referential information, which contributed to their higher depressive symptoms; additionally, perceived discrimination among sexual minorities was linked to these negative patterns, suggesting areas for future mental health interventions.
Article Abstract
Sexual minority individuals experience higher prevalence of major depression and more frequent depressive symptoms compared to heterosexual individuals. Although existing theories have suggested cognitive mechanisms that may explain these disparities, empirical tests are limited by a reliance on cross-sectional designs, self-reported measures, and nonprobability samples. We analyzed data from a longitudinal, population-based study of young adults ( = 1,065; = 497 sexual minority) who completed validated measures of depressive symptoms over a 3-year period; at Wave 2, participants completed the self-referent encoding task, a behavioral task assessing self-schemas and information processing biases. Self-schemas were measured with the drift rate, which was estimated via the composite of endorsement of positive or negative words as self-referential (or not) and the reaction time for these decisions. Information processing biases were operationalized as the total number of negative words that were both endorsed as self-referential and recalled after the task, divided by the total number of words endorsed and recalled. Compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities displayed significantly higher negative self-schemas and recalled a significantly higher proportion of negative words endorsed as self-referential, relative to total number of words. In turn, these differences in self-schemas and information processing biases mediated the sexual orientation disparity in depressive symptoms. Moreover, among sexual minorities, perceived discrimination predicted greater negative self-schemas and information processing biases, which mediated the prospective association between discrimination and depressive symptoms. These findings provide the strongest evidence to date for cognitive risk factors that underlie sexual orientation disparities in depression, highlighting potential intervention targets. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10524885 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000823 | DOI Listing |
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