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Atrophy of the optic chiasm is associated with microvascular diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study investigates whether chronic high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in type 1 diabetes damages the optic tract, leading to differences detectable through MRI imaging between diabetic individuals and healthy controls.
  • It involved 188 participants with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy controls, analyzing their optic chiasm size and its relationship with various metabolic and diabetic complications.
  • Results showed that people with type 1 diabetes had smaller optic chiasms, correlating with factors like longer diabetes duration and worse metabolic health, indicating potential neurodegenerative changes related to diabetes.

Article Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic eye disease are well known complications of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia also damages the optic tract, which can be measured using routine magnetic resonance imaging. Our aim was to compare morphological differences in the optic tract between individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. Associations between optic tract atrophy and metabolic measures, cerebrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications were further studied among individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We included 188 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy controls, all recruited as part of the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. All participants underwent a clinical examination, biochemical work-up, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two different raters manually measured the optic tract.

Results: The coronal area of the optic chiasm was smaller among those with type 1 diabetes compared to non-diabetic controls (median area 24.7 [21.0-28.5] vs 30.0 [26.7-33.3] mm, p<0.001). In participants with type 1 diabetes, a smaller chiasmatic area was associated with duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index. Diabetic eye disease, kidney disease, neuropathy and the presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in brain MRI were associated with smaller chiasmatic size (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusion: Individuals with type 1 diabetes had smaller optic chiasms than healthy controls, suggesting that diabetic neurodegenerative changes extend to the optic nerve tract. This hypothesis was further supported by the association of smaller chiasm with chronic hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes, diabetic microvascular complications, as well as and CMBs in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10262729PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1134530DOI Listing

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