Variable Virulence Genes in Clinical Isolates of : Impact on Disease Severity and Outcome in Melioidosis.

 To isolate from clinical specimens and study the association of virulence genes with clinical manifestations and outcome in patients with melioidosis.   isolates obtained from melioidosis cases diagnosed during 2018 to 2021 were identified using VITEK 2 system and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a Type III secretion system gene cluster. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect the genotypes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) namely A, B, and B2, and singleplex PCR was performed to detect the presence of the intracellular motility gene ( ) and filamentous hemagglutinin gene ( ).  Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were performed to study the association between various clinical manifestations and outcome and different virulence genes. The results were expressed as unadjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.  Sixty-seven isolates were available for characterization. and were observed among 82 and 18% of the isolates, respectively. Both sepsis and mortality were significantly associated with . Majority of the isolates had (97%). Most of the isolates showed the presence of LPS A gene (65.7%) followed by LPS B gene (6%), while LPS B2 was not detected. Nineteen isolates could not be assigned to any LPS genotypes.  Among the virulence genes studied, only was significantly associated with sepsis and mortality. More than a quarter (28.3%) of the isolates could not be assigned to any LPS genotypes, hinting at a greater genetic diversity in our isolates.