The rate of delay discounting exhibited by individuals has been experimentally altered by manipulating the way in which time is described, a specific application of the framing effect. Previous research suggests that using specific dates to describe delays tends to lower temporal discounting and change the shape of the discounting function. The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of framing on discounting in different temporal contexts. Participants chose between hypothetical monetary gains (gains group), or between hypothetical monetary losses (losses group). Each group completed eight discounting tasks over two sessions (two choice tasks [SmallNow/SmallSoon] by two time frames [dates/calendar units] by two magnitudes. The results indicate that Mazur's model adequately described the observed discounting functions in most conditions. However, the decrease in discounting rate when both consequences were delayed only occurred when calendar units (but not dates) were used for both gains and losses. These findings suggest that framing affects the influence of a shared delay instead of changing the shape of the discounting function. Our results support the idea that time influences behavior similarly in humans and nonhumans when they choose between two delayed consequences.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.871 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Anal Behav
January 2025
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.
Under rapid-acquisition, concurrent-chains choice procedures, psychomotor stimulants typically decrease the sensitivity of responding to changes in separate dimensions of reinforcement. Across two experiments, pigeons chose between outcomes that differed in terms of reinforcement delay and magnitude (the dimensions involved in delay discounting or "impulsive" choice; Experiment 1) or reinforcement probability and magnitude (the dimensions involved in probability discounting or "risky" choice; Experiment 2). Outcomes associated with each terminal link were varied independently and pseudorandomly across sessions such that in dominated sessions one terminal link was favorable in terms of both dimensions (sooner, larger in Experiment 1 and more likely, larger in Experiment 2) and in trade-off sessions each terminal link was favorable in terms of a different dimension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Med Inform
January 2025
School of Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Background: Health data typically include patient-generated data and clinical medical data. Different types of data contribute to disease prevention, precision medicine, and the overall improvement of health care. With the introduction of regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), individuals play a key role in the sharing and application of personal health data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Dermatol
January 2025
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Behav Res Methods
January 2025
Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Delay discounting (DD) describes the tendency of individuals to devalue the worth of a reward as a function of the delay in receiving it. DD is impaired in many clinical conditions and changes across development. Many existing automated DD tasks are built on copyrighted software and primarily designed for English speakers, which hinders content editing and accessibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
January 2025
Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objective: To study the behavioural factors associated with sustained cigarette smoking cessation, and those associated with a current smoker attempting to quit, among current and former cigarette smokers living in low-income South African communities.
Setting: Three low-income areas in South Africa.
Design: In-person surveys with structured questions that asked respondents about their cigarette smoking and quitting behaviour, sociodemographic information and behavioural attributes.
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