Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) are well-recognized challenges of surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Multiple risk factors have been identified for PJK/PJF, including osteoporosis, frailty, neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and smoking. Several surgical techniques to mitigate risk of PJK/PJF have been identified; however, patient optimization is also critical. This review summarizes the data behind these 5 risk factors (osteoporosis, frailty, neurodegenerative disease, obesity, and smoking) and details the related recommendations for patients undergoing surgery for ASD.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10626129PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.14444/8510DOI Listing

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