Aims: Yolk sac tumour postpubertal-type (YSTpt) shows a wide range of histological patterns and is challenging to diagnose. Recently, forkhead box transcription factor A2 (FoxA2) emerged as a driver of YSTpt formation and a promising marker for diagnosing YSTpt. However, FoxA2 has not been tested in the different patterns of YSTpt. This study aimed to assess the staining pattern of FoxA2 in te different patterns of YSTpt and other germ cell tumours of the testis (GCTT), comparing it with glypican-3 (GPC3) and α-fetoprotein (AFP).
Methods And Results: FOXA2, GPC3 and AFP immunohistochemistry was performed on 24 YSTpt (24 microcystic/reticular, 10 myxoid, two macrocystic, five glandular/alveolar, two endodermal sinus/perivascular, four solid, two polyembryoma/embryoid body and two polyvesicular vitelline) and 81 other GCTT. The percentage of positive cells (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) and the intensity (0, 1, 2, 3) were evaluated regardless of and within each YSTpt pattern. FoxA2 was positive in all YSTpt (24 of 24) and all but one (23 of 24) exhibited 2+/3+ stain, with higher intensity [median value (mv): 2.6] than AFP (1.8) and GPC3 (2.5). Both FoxA2 and GPC3 were positive in all microcystic/reticular (24 of 24), myxoid (10 of 10), macrocystic (two of two), endodermal sinus/perivascular (four of four) and polyembryoma/embryoid body (two of two) patterns. Nevertheless, only FoxA2 was positive in all glandular/alveolar (five of five), solid (four of four) and polyvesicular vitelline (two of two) patterns. The intensity of FoxA2 was higher than AFP and GPC3 in almost all YST patterns. In the other GCTT, FoxA2 was positive only in teratoma postpubertal-type (Tpt) [13 of 20 (65%)], with staining almost exclusively confined to the mature gastrointestinal/respiratory tract epithelium.
Conclusions: FoxA2 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker that supports the diagnosis of YSTpt. FoxA2 is superior to GPC3 and AFP, especially in rare and difficult-to-diagnose histological patterns of YSTpt, but mature glands of Tpt could represent a potential diagnostic pitfall.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.14968 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Knockdown of HOXD13 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Inhibited its Proliferation, Migration, and Influenced Fatty Acid Metabolism.
J Cancer
January 2025
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
HOXD13, a member of the homeobox gene family, plays a critical role in developmental processes and has been implicated in various malignancies, including pancreatic cancer and glioma. However, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the potential of HOXD13 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for OSCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFOXA2 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in spermatogonial cells by the Nrf2 pathway under hypoxic conditions.
Exp Cell Res
December 2024
Biology Teaching and Research Office, Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin, China.
Hypoxia-caused spermatogenesis impairment may contribute to male infertility. FOXA2 has been found to be abundant in spermatogonial stem cells and critical for spermatogenesis. Here we aimed to explore the roles of FOXA2 in regulating spermatogonial cells against hypoxia stimulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapeutic Exploitation of Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation Drivers in Prostate Cancer.
Cells
December 2024
Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), an aggressive and lethal subtype of prostate cancer (PCa), often arises as a resistance mechanism in patients undergoing hormone therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. NEPC is associated with a significantly poor prognosis and shorter overall survival compared to conventional prostate adenocarcinoma due to its aggressive nature and limited response to standard of care therapies. This transdifferentiation, or lineage reprogramming, to NEPC is characterised by the loss of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression, and the upregulation of neuroendocrine (NE) biomarkers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin-A (CHGA), synaptophysin (SYP), and neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1/CD56), which are critical for NEPC diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA significant number of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) evolve into a neuroendocrine (NE) subtype termed NEPC, leading to resistance to androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors and poor clinical outcomes. Through Hi-C analyses of a panel of patient-derived xenograft tumors, here we report drastically different 3D chromatin architectures between NEPC and CRPC samples. Such chromatin re-organization was faithfully recapitulated in vitro on isogenic cells undergoing NE transformation (NET).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFControl of Cellular Differentiation Trajectories for Cancer Reversion.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
Cellular differentiation is controlled by intricate layers of gene regulation, involving the modulation of gene expression by various transcriptional regulators. Due to the complexity of gene regulation, identifying master regulators across the differentiation trajectory has been a longstanding challenge. To tackle this problem, a computational framework, single-cell Boolean network inference and control (BENEIN), is presented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!