Efficacy of 3D-printed assisted percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation combined with rigid choledochoscopy for intrahepatic bile duct stones.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of three-dimensional printing model-assisted percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation (PTOBF) combined with rigid choledochoscopy for intrahepatic bile duct stones in patients with type I bile duct classification. The clinical data of 63 patients with a type I intrahepatic bile duct were reviewed from January 2019 to January 2023; 30 patients who underwent 3D printed model-assisted PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy composed the experimental group and 33 patients who underwent simple PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy composed the control group. Six indicators, including one-stage operation time and clearance rate, final removal rate, bleeding volume, channel size and complications, were observed and analyzed in the two groups. The one-stage and final removal rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P = 0.034, P = 0.014 versus control group). The time of one-stage operation, bleeding volume, and incidence of complications in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001, P = 0.039, P = 0.026 versus control group). Compared with simple PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy, 3D printed model-assisted PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy is a safer and more effective method for treating intrahepatic bile duct stones.