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Use and misuse of random forest variable importance metrics in medicine: demonstrations through incident stroke prediction.
BMC Med Res Methodol
June 2023
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15231, USA.
Background: Machine learning tools such as random forests provide important opportunities for modeling large, complex modern data generated in medicine. Unfortunately, when it comes to understanding why machine learning models are predictive, applied research continues to rely on 'out of bag' (OOB) variable importance metrics (VIMPs) that are known to have considerable shortcomings within the statistics community. After explaining the limitations of OOB VIMPs - including bias towards correlated features and limited interpretability - we describe a modern approach called 'knockoff VIMPs' and explain its advantages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAddendum: The widespread and unjust drinking water and clean water crisis in the United States.
Nat Commun
June 2023
Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Defining Clinical Trial Estimands: A Practical Guide for Study Teams with Examples Based on a Psychiatric Disorder.
Ther Innov Regul Sci
September 2023
Quantitative Sciences Consulting, Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals - Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA.
While the ICH E9(R1) Addendum on "Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials" was released in late 2019, the widespread implementation of defining and reporting estimands across clinical trials is still in progress and the engagement of non-statistical functions in this process is also in progress. Case studies are sought after, especially those with documented clinical and regulatory feedback. This paper describes an interdisciplinary process for implementing the estimand framework, devised by the Estimands and Missing Data Working Group (a group with clinical, statistical, and regulatory representation) of the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Acceptance of an oncologic addendum for the application of the German Standardized Medication Plan in oral anticancer drug therapy].
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes
December 2022
Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Klinische Pharmazie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland. Electronic address:
Background: The Federal Standardized Medication Plan (BMP) offers the possibility of providing patients with specific information on drug therapy. Cancer patients who are treated with oral anticancer drugs have a great need for information as they take the drugs independently in their home environment. Providing specific instructions for oral anticancer drugs may enhance the patient role and improve medication safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDon't Be Fooled by Randomness: Valid -Values for Single Molecule Microscopy.
Front Bioinform
March 2022
Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
The human mind shows extraordinary capability at recognizing patterns, while at the same time tending to underestimate the natural scope of random processes. Taken together, this easily misleads researchers in judging whether the observed characteristics of their data are of significance or just the outcome of random effects. One of the best tools to assess whether observed features fall into the scope of pure randomness is statistical significance testing, which quantifies the probability to falsely reject a chosen null hypothesis.
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