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The potential role of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of cystinuria.
Urolithiasis
November 2024
Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
The Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic reaction between an amino acid and carbohydrate. We hypothesized that continuous washing of cystine stones with glucose could theoretically prevent growth of an existing cystine stone or even reduce its size leading to a decrease in stone events. Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, well known for inducing glucosuria, were used to test this hypothesis in an initial series of patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiscovery of l-Lysine Dioxalate (LH1513) as a Novel Inhibitor of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization for Hyperoxaluria.
ACS Med Chem Lett
November 2024
Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
Article Synopsis
- - Hyperoxaluria leads to high levels of oxalate in urine, resulting in the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones, and there's a need for better treatment options.
- - Researchers discovered a new compound, l-lysine dioxalate (LH1513), which is a stronger inhibitor of CaOx crystallization than existing substances like citrate and pyruvate.
- - A prodrug version of LH1513 shows good absorption when taken orally and has been tested in a preliminary study on mice, showing potential in preventing the formation of urinary CaOx crystals associated with hyperoxaluria.
Structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetic evaluation of L-cystine diamides as L-cystine crystallization inhibitors for cystinuria.
Med Chem Res
August 2024
Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.
Cystinuria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by defective l-cystine reabsorption from the renal proximal tubule, resulting in abnormally high concentrations of L-cystine and subsequent l-cystine crystallization and stone formation in urine. l-Cystine diamides have shown great promise as inhibitors of l-cystine crystallization. The free α-amino groups in l-cystine diamides have previously been shown to be necessary for l-cystine crystallization inhibitory activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCystine crystal nucleation and decay in the context of cystinuria pathogenesis and treatment.
RSC Adv
October 2024
School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
Article Synopsis
- - Cystinuria is a rare disease characterized by cystine crystal formation in urine, which can lead to kidney damage, and this study investigates the sources of these crystals to better understand the disease's development.
- - The research replicates the formation of cystine crystals in different urine types and examines how various substances, including cysteamine and sodium bicarbonate, affect the dissolution rate of these crystals.
- - Findings reveal that the dissolution of cystine crystals is more influenced by pH levels than previously thought, challenging existing theories and suggesting that cysteamine's effectiveness might be attributed to its pH-related properties and disulfide exchange capabilities.
Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of cystinuria patients with Urolithiasis: multicenter patient centered study.
World J Urol
October 2024
Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction And Aim: Cystinuria represents a rare cause of urolithiasis, accounting for 1% of all cases. However, it poses unique challenges in diagnosis and management. This study aimed to examine the challenges of managing cystine stones from the perspective of cystinuria patients.
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