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Possible Extracellular Signals to Ameliorate Sarcopenia in Response to Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) in Frail Older Adults.
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Institute of Women's Health Science, Showa Women's University, Tokyo 154-8533, Japan.
In frail older adults (mean age 85 years old), a 3-month supplementation with a low dose (6 g/day) of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs; C8:0 and C10:0) given at a meal increased muscle mass and function, relative to supplementation with long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), but it decreased fat mass. The reduction in fat mass was partly due to increased postprandial energy expenditure by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, the extracellular signals to ameliorate sarcopenia are unclear.
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α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a peptide hormone released from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary which regulates body pigmentation. In addition to the pituitary, α-MSH is also produced in the midbrain, and exerts both anorexigenic and an anxiogenic actions. Acyl ghrelin and cholecystokinin are peripheral hormones derived from the digestive tract which affect the brain to control food intake and feeding behavior in vertebrates.
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Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from the gastric mucosa in the fasting state, and secretion decreases in response to food intake. After sleeve gastrectomy (SG), plasma concentrations of ghrelin decrease markedly. Whether this affects appetite and glucose tolerance postoperatively is unknown.
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