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Comparative Characterization of the Ginsenosides from Six Herbal Extracts and Their Rat Gut Microbial Metabolites by Advanced Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Approaches. | LitMetric
Ginseng extracts are extensively used as raw materials for food supplements and herbal medicines. This study aimed to characterize ginsenosides obtained from six plant extracts (, red ginseng, , , , and var. ) and compared them with their metabolic profiles mediated by rat intestinal microbiota. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) with scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) quantitation methods were developed to characterize and compare the ginsenoside composition of the different extracts. After incubation, 248 ginsenosides/metabolites were identified by UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS in six biotransformed samples. Deglycosylation was determined to be the main metabolic pathway of ginsenosides, and protopanaxadiol-type and oleanolic acid-type saponins were easier to be easily metabolized. Compared with the ginsenosides in plant extracts, those remaining in six biotransformed samples were considerably fewer after biotransformation for 8 h. However, the compositional differences in four subtypes of the ginsenosides among the six plants became more distinct.
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