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Activated carbon-based pomegranate peels as an efficient removal method for carbamazepine. | LitMetric
Pharmaceutical products found in wastewater and various water systems have become an environmental concern. Various processes were developed to remove various pharmaceuticals, including adsorption processes utilizing activated carbon adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes. The present study investigates the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) from aqueous solutions by activated carbon (AC) derived from pomegranate peels (PGPs). The prepared AC was characterized by FTIR. The adsorption kinetics of CBZ on AC-PGPs was well represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the data were well explained by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The effect of various parameters (including pH, temperature, CBZ concentration, the adsorbent dosage, and contact time) on the efficiency of CBZ removal by AC-PGPs was studied. The CBZ removal efficiency was not affected by changes in pH values but was slightly enhanced at the outset of the adsorption experiment with increasing temperature. The highest percentage removal efficiency was 98.0% at 23 °C when the optimum adsorbent dose was determined as 400.0 mg and the CBZ initial concentration was 20.0 mg L. The general and potential applicability of this method is presented by using available agricultural wastes as a low-cost source of AC and as an efficient removal method of pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions.
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