This review of bone perfusion introduces a new field of joint physiology, important in understanding osteoarthritis. Intraosseous pressure (IOP) reflects conditions at the needle tip rather than being a constant for the whole bone. Measurements of IOP in vitro and in vivo, with and without proximal vascular occlusion confirm that cancellous bone is perfused at normal physiological pressures. Alternate proximal vascular occlusion may be used to give a perfusion range or bandwidth at the needle tip more useful than a single IOP measure. Bone fat is essentially liquid at body temperature. Subchondral tissues are relatively delicate but are micro-flexible. They tolerate huge pressures with loading. Collectively, the subchondral tissues transmit load mainly by hydraulic pressure to the trabeculae and cortical shaft. Normal MRI scans demonstrate subchondral vascular marks which are lost in early osteoarthritis. Histological studies confirm the presence of those marks and possible subcortical choke valves which support hydraulic pressure load transmission. Osteoarthritis appears to be at least partly a vasculo-mechanical disease. Understanding subchondral vascular physiology will be key to better MRI classification and prevention, control, prognosis and treatment of osteoarthritis and other bone diseases.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300840 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EOR-23-0002 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy downregulating H-type angiogenesis in subchondral bone of knee osteoarthritis through the PHD2/HIF-1α pathway.
J Orthop Surg Res
January 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
Objective: To explore the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inhibiting subchondral bone angiogenesis and delaying the progression of osteoarthritis through the PHD2/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
Methods: Mice were randomly divided into three groups (control group, osteoarthritis group, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment group). The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on osteoarthritis was evaluated using Micro-CT, Safranin O-Fast Green staining, and detection of osteoarthritis inflammation markers (MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, Col2a1, and Aggrecan).
The rat osteoarthritis bone score for histological pathology relevant to human bone marrow lesions and pain.
Osteoarthr Cartil Open
March 2025
Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.
Objectives: Histological osteochondral characteristics of inflammation, fibrosis, vascularity, cartilage islands, vessels entering cartilage, thickened trabeculae and cysts are associated with bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in human knee osteoarthritis (OA). We identified and developed a method for scoring comparable pathology in two rat OA knee pain models.
Methods: Rats (n = 8-10 per group) were injected with monoiodoacetate (MIA) or saline, or underwent meniscal transection (MNX) or sham surgery.
A vascularized microfluidic model of the osteochondral unit for modeling inflammatory response and therapeutic screening.
Lab Chip
January 2025
CFD Research Corporation, 6820 Moquin Dr. N.W., Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been considered a disease of the articular cartilage. Within the past decade it has become increasingly clear that OA is a disease of the entire joint space and that interactions between articular cartilage and subchondral bone likely play an important role in the disease. Driven by this knowledge, we have created a novel microphysiological model of the osteochondral unit containing synovium, cartilage, bone, and vasculature in separate compartments with molecular and direct cell-cell interaction between the cells from the different tissue types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Vitro Investigation of 3D Printed Hydrogel Scaffolds with Electrospun Tidemark Component for Modeling Osteochondral Interface.
Gels
November 2024
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
Osteochondral (OC) tissue plays a crucial role due to its ability to connect bone and cartilage tissues. To address the complexity of structure and functionality at the bone-cartilage interface, relevant to the presence of the tidemark as a critical element at the bone-cartilage boundary, we fabricated graded scaffolds through sequential 3D printing. The scaffold's bottom layer was based on a gelatin/oxidized alginate mixture enriched with hydroxyapatite (HAp) to create a rougher surface and larger pores to promote osteogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExosomes secreted from human-derived adipose stem cells prevent progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
J Orthop Surg Res
November 2024
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606- 8507, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) primarily impacts younger individuals and is a major reason for hip replacement surgeries in this demographic; new regenerative therapies like core decompression (CD) combined with exosomes from human adipose stem cells (hADSC) show promise but need more research to validate their effectiveness.
- The study involved extracting and characterizing hADSC-derived exosomes and testing their protective effects on ONFH in a rabbit model induced by surgical vascular occlusion and corticosteroid injections; the rabbits were divided into an exosome treatment group and a control group receiving saline.
- Results indicated that the group treated with hADSC-derived exosomes experienced significantly less severe progression of ONFH compared to the control group
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!