In this study, uropathogenic (UPEC) from pregnant and nonpregnant patients were characterized with respect to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and expression of their virulence factors and cytokines elicited upon infection in urothelial (HTB-4) cells to frame proper therapeutics. Antibiotic sensitivity and adherence to HTB-4 cells were tested and PCR and real-time PCR were performed. UPEC from nonpregnant patients showed the most resistance with a significant correlation between the expression of and and and . The expression of and , and , and and , respectively, were significantly correlated in UPEC from pregnant patients. Cytokine expression profiles were correlated with the expression of virulence genes in UPEC that was isolated from different populations, and should be accounted for along with AMR analysis.
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