SARS-CoV2 infection causes COVID-19, and represents the most emergent health care crisis of our generation. Ample evidence in the scientific literature suggests that SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and endemic human coronaviruses infect brain cells. We delineate a rationale for encouraging evaluation of the brain, and in particular the brainstem, in COVID-19 so that potential neuropathological mechanisms can be delineated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.17879/freeneuropathology-2020-2736 | DOI Listing |
Tzu Chi Med J
August 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle associated with cellular homeostasis. Accumulation of improperly folded proteins results in ER stress, accompanied by the reaction involving triggering unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is mediated through ER membrane-associated sensors, such as protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α, and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Objective: Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a complication of diabetes, yet the underlying pathology remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal damage in the neuropathology underlying diabetes related cognitive impairment.
Methods: This study assessed 183 participants (54 prediabetes, 71 Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and 58 controls) for cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain. Among the several factors that may concur to AD development, elevated cholesterol levels and brain cholesterol dyshomeostasis have been recognized to play a relevant role. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein primarily known to regulate plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) rich in cholesterol and to be one of the main causes of familial hypercholesterolemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of drug-resistant epilepsy, often associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which involves selective neuronal loss in the Cornu Ammonis subregion 1 CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocampus. Granule cells show migration and mossy fiber sprouting, though the mechanisms remain unclear. Microglia play a role in neurogenesis and synaptic modulation, suggesting they may contribute to epilepsy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD), primary age-related tauopathy (PART), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) all feature hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau)-immunoreactive neurofibrillary degeneration, but differ in neuroanatomical distribution and progression of neurofibrillary degeneration and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition.
Methods: We used Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling to compare the expression of 70 proteins in neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-bearing and non-NFT-bearing neurons in hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA4 subregions and entorhinal cortex of cases with autopsy-confirmed AD (n = 8), PART (n = 7), and CTE (n = 5).
Results: There were numerous subregion-specific differences related to Aβ processing, autophagy/proteostasis, inflammation, gliosis, oxidative stress, neuronal/synaptic integrity, and p-tau epitopes among these different disorders.
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