Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism, Serum Lipids, and Risk of Superficial Fungal Infections in Egyptian Patients - A Preliminary Case-Controlled Study.

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene isoforms have been found to affect the risk of superficial fungal infections (SFIs). However, the data only cover a few ethnicities.

Aims: The present work intended to investigate the association of APOE gene polymorphism and serum lipids with the susceptibility of SFIs among a group of Egyptian patients.

Materials And Methods: Standard laboratory methods were used to estimate the serum lipid profile, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect APOE gene polymorphism in deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from 150 SFI patients and an equal number of apparently healthy matched controls.

Results: Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the studied patients than in controls. The APOE gene 2, 4 alleles, and 3/4 and 3/2 genotypes were significantly distributed in the patients than in the controls. APOE 3/3 genotype was predominant in dermatophytosis and tinea versicolour patients, and 3/4 genotype was predominant in candidiasis.

Conclusions: ApoE alleles 2 and 4, and genotypes 2/3 and 3/4 are linked to SFI and may be risk factors, whereas allele 3 and genotype 3/3 may be protective for SFI in the Egyptian population studied. The lipid profile results suggest that hyperlipidemia may provide evidence for SFI pathogenesis. However; further large-scale studies are still needed to validate our results.