Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Introduction: Spigelian hernia is an uncommon hernia presenting as a protrusion of abdominal contents through the spigelian fascia, lateral to the rectus abdominis. In some rare cases, Spigelian hernia can occur alongside cryptorchidism, which forms a recognized syndrome found in male infants with Spigelian hernia. This is a relatively unreported syndrome with very limited literature available regarding it, none of which is reported in Pakistan in adults.
Presentation Of Case: We report a case of a 65-year-old male with right sided obstructed spigelian hernia along with the rare finding of testis in the hernial sac. The patient was successfully managed by transperitoneal primary repair (herniotomy) with orchiectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 5 days after the surgery.
Discussion: The exact pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear. Three theories have been proposed to explain this syndrome, including the primary defect being Spigelian hernia leading to undescended testes (Al-Salem), testicular maldescent preceding the formation of the hernia (Raveenthiran), or the absence of the inguinal canal leading to the development of a rescue canal due to the undescended testes (Rushfeldt et al.). In this case, the absence of gubernaculum was confirmed suggesting the findings to be consistent with Rushfeldt's theory. The surgical team proceeded with hernial repair and orchiectomy.
Conclusion: In conclusion, Spigelian-Cryptorchidism syndrome is a rare syndrome in adult male, with an unclear pathophysiology. Management of this condition involves repair of the hernia along with either orchiopexy or orchiectomy, depending upon the risk factors involved.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10258503 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108350 | DOI Listing |
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