AI Article Synopsis

  • Scientists found that tiny particles called TiO nanoparticles can harm male crustaceans, especially a type called Eriocheir sinensis.
  • The smaller 3 nm particles were more damaging than the 25 nm ones, affecting structures that help with sperm production.
  • The study showed that these particles can mess with important cell functions and create harmful substances in the crustaceans, but using certain chemicals can help fix some of the damage.

Article Abstract

Recent findings found that TiO nanoparticles (TiO-NPs) have male reproductive toxicity. However, few reports have studied the toxicity of TiO-NPs in crustaceans. In this study, we first chose the freshwater crustacean Eriocheir sinensis (E. sinensis) to explore the male toxicity of TiO-NP exposure and the underlying mechanisms. Three nm and 25 nm TiO-NPs at a dose of 30 mg/kg bw induced apoptosis and damaged the integrity of the haemolymph-testis-barrier (HTB, a structure similar to the blood-testis-barrier) and the structure of the seminiferous tubule. The 3-nm TiO-NPs caused more severe spermatogenesis dysfunction than the 25-nm TiO-NPs. We initially confirmed that TiO-NP exposure affected the expression patterns of adherens junctions (α-catenin and β-catenin) and induced tubulin disorganization in the testis of E. sinensis. TiO-NP exposure caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an imbalance of mTORC1-mTORC2 (mTORC1/rps6/Akt levels were increased, while mTORC2 activity was not changed). After using the ROS scavenger NAC to inhibit ROS generation, both the mTORC1-mTORC2 imbalance and alterations in AJs were rescued. More importantly, the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin abolished mTORC1/rps6/Akt hyperactivation and partially restored the alterations in AJs and tubulin. Collectively, the mTORC1-mTORC2 imbalance induced by TiO-NPs was involved in the mechanism of AJ and HTB disruption, resulting in spermatogenesis in E. sinensis.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121952DOI Listing

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