Interruptions in healthcare: Modeling dynamic processes and effects at a team level.

Interruptions are associated with increases in medical errors amongst healthcare professionals, yet interventions to reduce interruptions have not been widely successful. While interruptions can be problematic for the interruptee, they may be necessary for the interrupter to maintain patient safety. To understand the emergent effects of interruptions within a dynamic environment, we develop a computational model that describes how nurses make decisions about interruptions and the effects those decisions have at a team level. Simulations reveal the dynamic interplay between urgency, task importance, the cost of being interrupted and team efficiency, depending on the consequences of clinical or procedural error, and shed light on the ways that the risks from interruptions can be better managed.