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Stress shielding effect after total hip arthroplasty varies between combinations of stem design and stiffness-a comparing biomechanical finite element analysis. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical procedure, and this study aims to evaluate how different femoral component designs affect stress shielding in surrounding bone.
  • Researchers used virtual simulations to analyze three types of stem designs with varying stiffness levels based on CT data to see how they impacted strain on the bone.
  • They found that using a short, anatomically shaped stem with lower stiffness minimized stress shielding and resulted in better strain transfer, suggesting that design characteristics are crucial for optimal performance of THA implants.

Article Abstract

Purpose: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become a highly frequent orthopaedic procedure. Multiple approaches have been made to design the femoral component for THA with a mechanical behaviour as close as possible to a natural femur. The aim of this study was to compare different combinations of design and biomechanical properties of THA prostheses and their impact on stress shielding of the periprosthetic bone.

Methods: Virtual implantation of different stem designs (straight standard stem, straight short stem, anatomical short stem) by finite element analysis based on in vivo data from computer tomography was performed. For each stem, three grades of stiffness were generated, followed by a strain analysis.

Results: Reduction of stem stiffness led to less stress shielding. Implantation of an anatomical short-stem prosthesis with low stiffness provided the most physiological strain-loading effect (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: A combination of a short and an anatomically designed stem with a low stiffness might provide a more physiological strain transfer during THA. Biomechanical properties of the femoral component for THA should be considered as a multifactorial function of dimensions, design, and stiffness.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10345085PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-023-05825-7DOI Listing

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