[Stuttering in Children: Review and Referral Criteria].

Stuttering is a speech fluency disorder, in which people know perfectly well the message they want to convey, even though their speech is characterized by changes in rhythm, repetitions, prolongations, pauses and blocks, and may also be associated with states of anxiety or emotional tension. Up to one in every six children, typically between two and five years old, experience a period of transitory speech disfluency, with usual spontaneous recovery before reaching school age, with a prevalence rate of stuttering of up to 1% of the adult population, and a higher incidence rate in males (4:1). In Portugal, it is estimated that stuttering affects around 100 thousand people, acquiring importance due to its frequency and association with lower self-esteem, anxiety and social isolation, with negative impact on people's ability to communicate and on their well-being and social interactions. The aim of this article is to highlight the complexity of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of stuttering in pediatrics, with a particular focus on differentiating between normal speech disfluencies and childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) and referral criteria, in order to raise awareness and facilitate early detection of these cases.