Objective: There is inconclusive evidence regarding sexual identity and race/ethnicity differences in outcomes in evidence-based psychological treatments. Although dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is well-studied, little is known about the extent to which its efficacy generalizes to sexual minority and racial/ethnic minority people. This study examined sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and their interaction as predictors of treatment outcome and retention in DBT.
Method: Data were from five clinical trials conducted in research and community settings with a variety of adult populations ( = 269) engaged in standard DBT, augmented DBT, or DBT components. Longitudinal mixed-effects models evaluated sexual identity and racial/ethnic differences in clinical outcomes (suicide attempts, nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI], global functioning, psychiatric hospitalizations) and retention.
Results: Sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and their interaction did not predict the average severity or the rate of change in any clinical outcome over time. Sexual minority identity was associated with decreased risk of treatment dropout ( = .44, < .001). However, this effect was moderated by race/ethnicity, such that non-Hispanic White sexual minority participants had the lowest rates of dropout. Exploratory analyses suggested potential differences related to NSSI for certain sexual and racial/ethnic minority subgroups.
Conclusions: Findings suggest no significant differences in DBT treatment outcomes when comparing between sexual minority and heterosexual individuals and between non-Hispanic White and racial/ethnic minority individuals. Sexual minority identity interacted with race/ethnicity to predict dropout, such that non-Hispanic sexual minority people were more likely to complete DBT compared to sexual minority people of color and heterosexual individuals. Further research is needed to clarify potential subgroup and intersectional differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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