Recent systematic immune monitoring efforts suggest that, in humans, epitope recognition by T cells is far more complex than has been assumed based on minimalistic murine models. The increased complexity is due to the higher number of HLA loci in humans, the typical heterozygosity for these loci in the outbred population, and the high number of peptides that each HLA restriction element can bind with an affinity that suffices for antigen presentation. The sizable array of potential epitopes on any given antigen is due to each individual's unique HLA allele makeup. Of this individualized potential epitope space, chance events occurring in the course of the T cell response determine which epitopes induce dominant T cell expansions. Establishing the actually-engaged T cell repertoire in each human subject, including the individualized peptides targeted, therefore requires the systematic testing of all peptides that constitute the potential epitope space in that person. The goal of comprehensive, high-throughput epitope mapping can be readily established by the methods described in this chapter.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3239-0_5 | DOI Listing |
Gene
January 2025
National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, India. Electronic address:
Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is a highly contagious and economically important disease of ducklings worldwide. In many parts of the globe, disease outbreaks are reported in spite of vaccinations, probably due to antigenic diversity among DHAV genotypes. We previously reported the first isolation of DHAV-2 (Genotype -2) from ducklings in Tamil Nadu, India.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Cerebro, Emoción y Conducta, School of Medicine, Universidad de las Américas (UDLA), Quito 170124, Ecuador.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rapidly progressive, immune-mediated syndrome characterized by the degeneration of Purkinje cells, often associated with the presence of antibodies targeting intracellular antigens within these cells. These autoantibodies are implicated in the induction of cytotoxicity, leading to Purkinje cell death, as demonstrated in in vitro models. However, the precise roles of antibodies and T lymphocytes in mediating neuronal injury remain a subject of ongoing research, with T cells appearing to be the main effectors of cerebellar injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Immunother Cancer
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
Background: The immune-related adverse event (irAE), pneumonitis, is a potentially fatal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Preventing its progression is crucial, emphasizing the need for effective screening tests. We evaluated the feasibility of using Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a marker for interstitial pneumonitis, as a screening tool for pneumonitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Microbiol
January 2025
Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
T cells have been identified as correlates of protection in viral infections. However, the level of vaccine-induced T cells needed and the extent to which they alone can control acute viral infection in humans remain uncertain. Here we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving vaccination and challenge in 33 adult human volunteers, using the live-attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) and chimeric Japanese encephalitis-YF17D (JE/YF17D) vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr
January 2025
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand; Smart Foods and Bioproducts, AgResearch Limited, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. Electronic address:
Background And Aims: Digestion of gluten-derived immunogenic peptides along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is not well established. This study aimed to map the digestion of gluten-derived immunogenic peptides along the GIT using the growing pig as a human adult model, and actinidin as a model exogenous protease.
Methods: Entire male pigs 9 weeks of age (n=54, 19.
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