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Understanding how an enzyme regulates its function through substrate or allosteric regulation is crucial for controlling metabolic pathways. Some flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FDMOs) have evolved an allosteric mechanism to produce reduced flavin while minimizing the use of NADH and the production of harmful hydrogen peroxide (HO). In this work, we investigated in-depth mechanisms of how the reductase component (C1) of -hydroxyphenylacetate (HPA) 3-hydroxylase (HPAH) from is allosterically controlled by the binding of HPA, which is a substrate of its monooxygenase counterpart (C2).

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The body temperature of Warm-blooded hosts impedes and informs responses of bacteria accustomed to cooler environments. The second messenger c-di-GMP modulates bacterial behavior in response to diverse, yet largely undiscovered, stimuli. A long-standing debate persists regarding whether a local or a global c-di-GMP pool plays a critical role.

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Interference of flagellar rotation up-regulates the expression of small RNA contributing to infection.

Sci Adv

December 2022

Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) posttranscriptionally regulate gene expressions involved in various biological processes, including pathogenicity. Our previous study identified sRNAs, the expression of which was up-regulated in , the causative agent of whooping cough, upon tracheal colonization of the bacteria; however, their roles in bacterial infection remain unknown. Here, we found that one sRNA, Bpr4, contributes to infection by posttranscriptionally up-regulating filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a major adhesin of the bacteria.

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Recovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from complex aqueous solutions generated as a result of leaching of various spent materials (e.g., spent automotive converters) is a vital issue in the context of the circular economy.

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Substance use amongst people with schizophrenia is well-established: up to 50% report using illicit substances. The occurrence of both conditions can also induce people to disengage from mental health services. The research question sought to understand, from the perspective of both service users and clinicians, cannabis use within the experience of people with schizophrenia.

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