Low back pain accounts for the most years lost to disability of any malady worldwide but most cases of disc herniation (DH) and degenerative disc disease (DDD) resolve with conservative methods. Numerous tissue sources of pain affecting the degenerative/herniated disc have been identified, with changes secondary to the influence of inflammation figuring prominently among them. Due to the proven linkage of inflammation to the pain and progression of disc degeneration, anti-inflammatory/anti-catabolic and pro-anabolic repair strategies are gaining prominence for novel therapeutic approaches. Current treatments include conservative therapies such as modified rest, exercise, anti-inflammatory treatments, and analgesics. There is no accepted proposed mechanism of action to support the direct role of spinal manipulation for the treatment of the degenerative and/or herniated disc. However, there are published accounts of very serious adverse events accompanying such treatments leading to the question; 'should a patient with suspected painful IVD be treated with manipulation?
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