Health Care Professionals' Decision Making Related to Mobility and Safety for People in the Hospital: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Mobility dysfunction can have an impact on safety, and this fact is particularly relevant to hospital settings. There are no clear standards for how health care professionals should approach the aim to encourage mobility without compromising safety. The objective of this scoping review was to identify factors that shape health care professionals' decision making for people in hospitals, in situations in which mobility and safety are taken into consideration.

Methods: For this scoping review, 4 databases (Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched. Terms previously agreed upon were used to identify peer-reviewed articles related to decision making by health care professionals in hospital settings (acute and rehabilitation), in which safety and mobility were factors for consideration. An initial screening of titles and abstracts was conducted by a single reviewer. Two reviewers independently screened the full texts of the remaining articles. The key findings of the articles were synthesized to determine common themes.

Results: After 10,717 articles were screened, 28 met the inclusion criteria. Ten themes influencing decision making were identified: Clinical factors assessed; health care professional experience; limited use of standardized tests; impact of institutional governance; risk/benefit trade-off; capacity for decision making; role of the multidisciplinary team; families and others; communication; and fear of negative outcomes.

Conclusion: A wide range of factors influence health care professionals' decision making. The decisions can be complex, and individual priorities may vary in the balancing of safety with promotion of independence. Health care professionals rely on experience, clinical judgment, and shared decision making.

Impact: This review brings attention to many factors that contribute to decision making when mobility and safety are the factors. Health care professionals should include patients' values and monitor the impact of their personal preferences on this process.