Cytogenetic Characteristics of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Southern Vietnam.

Background: The cytogenetic characteristics are important factors for risk stratification at diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, cytogenetic profile of Vietnamese patients with AML remains undetermined. In this study, we present the chromosomal data of de novo AML patients in Southern Vietnam.

Methods: We performed cytogenetic testing for 336 AML patients using G banding. If the patients had suspected abnormalities, fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes of inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26), 5q31, 7q31, t(8;21)(q21.3;q22), 11q23, t(15;17)(q24;q21), inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22)were analyzed. Patients without above aberrations or with normal karyotype were tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization using probe 11q23.

Results: We found that the median age was 39 years. According to French - American - British classification, AML-M2 is the most frequent type with 35.1%. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 208 cases, accounting for 61.9%. Among structural abnormalities, t(15;17) was the most common (19.6%), followed by t(8;21) and inv (16)/t(16;16) in 10.1% and 6.2%, respectively. In perspective of chromosomal numerical abnornmalities, loss of sex chromosomes are the most common (7.7%), followed by +8 in 6.8%, -7/del(7q) in 4.4%, +21 in 3.9% and -5/del (5q) in 2.1%. The prevalence of addditional cytogenetic aberrations accompanying with t(8;21) and inv(16)/t(16;16) were 82.4% and 52.4%, repectively. None of +8 cases was associated with t(8;21). Regarding cytogenetic risk assessment according to European Leukemia Net 2017, there were 121 (36%) patients in favorable-risk, 180 (53.6%) in intermediate-risk and 35 (10.4%) in adverse-risk group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first comprehensive cytogenetic profile of Vietnamese patients diagnosed with de novo AML, which helps clinical doctors in prognostic classification for AML patients in Southern Vietnam.